{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "licence": "US government work"
    },
    {
      "source": "GitHub Advisory Database",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "Have I Been Pwned",
      "url": "https://haveibeenpwned.com/",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "CVE Program (CVE records)",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse",
      "licence": "CVE Terms of Use",
      "notice": "Copyright © 1999-2026, The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a trademark and the CVE logo is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.",
      "terms": "CVE Usage: MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/",
      "licence": "free to use; FIRST requests attribution"
    }
  ],
  "record": {
    "id": "CVE-2023-28771",
    "sourceURL": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28771",
    "idYear": 2023,
    "status": "PUBLISHED",
    "publishedAt": "2023-04-25T00:00:00.000Z",
    "updatedAt": "2025-10-21T23:05:48.400Z",
    "importedAt": "2026-10-24T01:56:53.804Z",
    "snapshot": {
      "id": "cve_2026-10-24_midnight_baseline",
      "at": "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z",
      "source": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/releases/tag/cve_2026-10-24_0100Z"
    },
    "facts": {
      "title": null,
      "summary": "Improper error message handling in Zyxel ZyWALL/USG series firmware versions 4.60 through 4.73, VPN series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, and ATP series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, which could allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute some OS commands remotely by sending crafted packets to an affected device.",
      "affected": [
        {
          "vendor": "Zyxel",
          "product": "ZyWALL/USG series firmware",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "4.60 through 4.73",
              "status": "affected"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "vendor": "Zyxel",
          "product": "VPN series firmware",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "4.60 through 5.35",
              "status": "affected"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "vendor": "Zyxel",
          "product": "USG FLEX series firmware",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "4.60 through 5.35",
              "status": "affected"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "vendor": "Zyxel",
          "product": "ATP series firmware",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "4.60 through 5.35",
              "status": "affected"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}