{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "licence": "US government work"
    },
    {
      "source": "GitHub Advisory Database",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "Have I Been Pwned",
      "url": "https://haveibeenpwned.com/",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "CVE Program (CVE records)",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse",
      "licence": "CVE Terms of Use",
      "notice": "Copyright © 1999-2026, The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a trademark and the CVE logo is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.",
      "terms": "CVE Usage: MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/",
      "licence": "free to use; FIRST requests attribution"
    }
  ],
  "record": {
    "id": "CVE-2023-4408",
    "sourceURL": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4408",
    "idYear": 2023,
    "status": "PUBLISHED",
    "publishedAt": "2024-02-13T14:04:17.519Z",
    "updatedAt": "2025-03-14T16:16:25.564Z",
    "importedAt": "2026-10-24T01:56:58.683Z",
    "snapshot": {
      "id": "cve_2026-10-24_midnight_baseline",
      "at": "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z",
      "source": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/releases/tag/cve_2026-10-24_0100Z"
    },
    "facts": {
      "title": "Parsing large DNS messages may cause excessive CPU load",
      "summary": "The DNS message parsing code in `named` includes a section whose computational complexity is overly high. It does not cause problems for typical DNS traffic, but crafted queries and responses may cause excessive CPU load on the affected `named` instance by exploiting this flaw. This issue affects both authoritative servers and recursive resolvers.\nThis issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.0.0 through 9.16.45, 9.18.0 through 9.18.21, 9.19.0 through 9.19.19, 9.9.3-S1 through 9.11.37-S1, 9.16.8-S1 through 9.16.45-S1, and 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.21-S1.",
      "affected": [
        {
          "vendor": "ISC",
          "product": "BIND 9",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "9.0.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "custom",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "9.16.45"
            },
            {
              "version": "9.18.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "custom",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "9.18.21"
            },
            {
              "version": "9.19.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "custom",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "9.19.19"
            },
            {
              "version": "9.9.3-S1",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "custom",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "9.11.37-S1"
            },
            {
              "version": "9.16.8-S1",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "custom",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "9.16.45-S1"
            },
            {
              "version": "9.18.11-S1",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "custom",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "9.18.21-S1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}