{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "licence": "US government work"
    },
    {
      "source": "GitHub Advisory Database",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "Have I Been Pwned",
      "url": "https://haveibeenpwned.com/",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "CVE Program (CVE records)",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse",
      "licence": "CVE Terms of Use",
      "notice": "Copyright © 1999-2026, The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a trademark and the CVE logo is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.",
      "terms": "CVE Usage: MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/",
      "licence": "free to use; FIRST requests attribution"
    }
  ],
  "record": {
    "id": "CVE-2023-45648",
    "sourceURL": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45648",
    "idYear": 2023,
    "status": "PUBLISHED",
    "publishedAt": "2023-10-10T18:38:34.097Z",
    "updatedAt": "2025-10-29T12:00:47.484Z",
    "importedAt": "2026-10-24T01:56:58.683Z",
    "snapshot": {
      "id": "cve_2026-10-24_midnight_baseline",
      "at": "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z",
      "source": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/releases/tag/cve_2026-10-24_0100Z"
    },
    "facts": {
      "title": "Apache Tomcat: Trailer header parsing too lenient",
      "summary": "Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M11, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.13, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.81 and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.93 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A specially \ncrafted, invalid trailer header could cause Tomcat to treat a single \nrequest as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request \nsmuggling when behind a reverse proxy.\n\nOlder, EOL versions may also be affected.\n\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M12 onwards, 10.1.14 onwards, 9.0.81 onwards or 8.5.94 onwards, which fix the issue.",
      "affected": [
        {
          "vendor": "Apache Software Foundation",
          "product": "Apache Tomcat",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "11.0.0-M1",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "11.0.0-M11"
            },
            {
              "version": "10.1.0-M1",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "10.1.13"
            },
            {
              "version": "9.0.0-M1",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "9.0.81"
            },
            {
              "version": "8.5.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "8.5.93"
            },
            {
              "version": "3",
              "status": "unknown",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "8.5.0"
            },
            {
              "version": "10.0.0-M1",
              "status": "unknown",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "10.0.27"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}