{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "licence": "US government work"
    },
    {
      "source": "GitHub Advisory Database",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "Have I Been Pwned",
      "url": "https://haveibeenpwned.com/",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "CVE Program (CVE records)",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse",
      "licence": "CVE Terms of Use",
      "notice": "Copyright © 1999-2026, The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a trademark and the CVE logo is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.",
      "terms": "CVE Usage: MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/",
      "licence": "free to use; FIRST requests attribution"
    }
  ],
  "record": {
    "id": "CVE-2024-40910",
    "sourceURL": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-40910",
    "idYear": 2024,
    "status": "PUBLISHED",
    "publishedAt": "2024-07-12T12:20:49.085Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-08-05T11:33:57.773Z",
    "importedAt": "2026-10-24T01:57:16.009Z",
    "snapshot": {
      "id": "cve_2026-10-24_midnight_baseline",
      "at": "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z",
      "source": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/releases/tag/cve_2026-10-24_0100Z"
    },
    "facts": {
      "title": "ax25: Fix refcount imbalance on inbound connections",
      "summary": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nax25: Fix refcount imbalance on inbound connections\n\nWhen releasing a socket in ax25_release(), we call netdev_put() to\ndecrease the refcount on the associated ax.25 device. However, the\nexecution path for accepting an incoming connection never calls\nnetdev_hold(). This imbalance leads to refcount errors, and ultimately\nto kernel crashes.\n\nA typical call trace for the above situation will start with one of the\nfollowing errors:\n\n    refcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory.\n    refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\n\nAnd will then have a trace like:\n\n    Call Trace:\n    <TASK>\n    ? show_regs+0x64/0x70\n    ? __warn+0x83/0x120\n    ? refcount_warn_saturate+0xb2/0x100\n    ? report_bug+0x158/0x190\n    ? prb_read_valid+0x20/0x30\n    ? handle_bug+0x3e/0x70\n    ? exc_invalid_op+0x1c/0x70\n    ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1f/0x30\n    ? refcount_warn_saturate+0xb2/0x100\n    ? refcount_warn_saturate+0xb2/0x100\n    ax25_release+0x2ad/0x360\n    __sock_release+0x35/0xa0\n    sock_close+0x19/0x20\n    [...]\n\nOn reboot (or any attempt to remove the interface), the kernel gets\nstuck in an infinite loop:\n\n    unregister_netdevice: waiting for ax0 to become free. Usage count = 0\n\nThis patch corrects these issues by ensuring that we call netdev_hold()\nand ax25_dev_hold() for new connections in ax25_accept(). This makes the\nlogic leading to ax25_accept() match the logic for ax25_bind(): in both\ncases we increment the refcount, which is ultimately decremented in\nax25_release().",
      "affected": [
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "9fd75b66b8f68498454d685dc4ba13192ae069b0",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "f4df9d6c8d4e4c818252b0419c2165d66eabd4eb"
            },
            {
              "version": "9fd75b66b8f68498454d685dc4ba13192ae069b0",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "52100fd74ad07b53a4666feafff1cd11436362d3"
            },
            {
              "version": "9fd75b66b8f68498454d685dc4ba13192ae069b0",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "a723a6c8d4831cc8e2c7b0c9f3f0c010d4671964"
            },
            {
              "version": "9fd75b66b8f68498454d685dc4ba13192ae069b0",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "3c34fb0bd4a4237592c5ecb5b2e2531900c55774"
            },
            {
              "version": "c44a453ffe16eb08acdc6129ac4fa0192dbc0456",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "version": "de55a1338e6a48ff1e41ea8db1432496fbe2a62b",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "version": "9e1e088a57c23251f1cfe9601bbd90ade2ea73b9",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "version": "b20a5ab0f5fb175750c6bafd4cf12daccf00c738",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "version": "452ae92b99062d2f6a34324eaf705a3b7eac9f8b",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "version": "534156dd4ed768e30a43de0036f45dca7c54818f",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "version": "4.14.277",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "4.15"
            },
            {
              "version": "4.19.240",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "4.20"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.4.190",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "5.5"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.10.112",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "5.11"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.15.35",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "5.16"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.17.2",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "5.18"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "5.18",
              "status": "affected"
            },
            {
              "version": "0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "5.18"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.1.95",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.6.35",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.9.6",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.9.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.10",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}