{ "schemaVersion": 1, "attribution": [ { "source": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog", "licence": "US government work" }, { "source": "GitHub Advisory Database", "url": "https://github.com/advisories", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" }, { "source": "Have I Been Pwned", "url": "https://haveibeenpwned.com/", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" }, { "source": "CVE Program (CVE records)", "url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse", "licence": "CVE Terms of Use", "notice": "Copyright © 1999-2026, The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a trademark and the CVE logo is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.", "terms": "CVE Usage: MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy." }, { "source": "FIRST EPSS", "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/", "licence": "free to use; FIRST requests attribution" } ], "record": { "id": "CVE-2024-57884", "sourceURL": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-57884", "idYear": 2024, "status": "PUBLISHED", "publishedAt": "2025-01-15T13:05:37.152Z", "updatedAt": "2026-10-15T01:00:40.208Z", "importedAt": "2026-10-24T01:57:20.494Z", "snapshot": { "id": "cve_2026-10-24_midnight_baseline", "at": "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z", "source": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/releases/tag/cve_2026-10-24_0100Z" }, "facts": { "title": "mm: vmscan: account for free pages to prevent infinite Loop in throttle_direct_reclaim()", "summary": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmm: vmscan: account for free pages to prevent infinite Loop in throttle_direct_reclaim()\n\nThe task sometimes continues looping in throttle_direct_reclaim() because\nallow_direct_reclaim(pgdat) keeps returning false. \n\n #0 [ffff80002cb6f8d0] __switch_to at ffff8000080095ac\n #1 [ffff80002cb6f900] __schedule at ffff800008abbd1c\n #2 [ffff80002cb6f990] schedule at ffff800008abc50c\n #3 [ffff80002cb6f9b0] throttle_direct_reclaim at ffff800008273550\n #4 [ffff80002cb6fa20] try_to_free_pages at ffff800008277b68\n #5 [ffff80002cb6fae0] __alloc_pages_nodemask at ffff8000082c4660\n #6 [ffff80002cb6fc50] alloc_pages_vma at ffff8000082e4a98\n #7 [ffff80002cb6fca0] do_anonymous_page at ffff80000829f5a8\n #8 [ffff80002cb6fce0] __handle_mm_fault at ffff8000082a5974\n #9 [ffff80002cb6fd90] handle_mm_fault at ffff8000082a5bd4\n\nAt this point, the pgdat contains the following two zones:\n\n NODE: 4 ZONE: 0 ADDR: ffff00817fffe540 NAME: \"DMA32\"\n SIZE: 20480 MIN/LOW/HIGH: 11/28/45\n VM_STAT:\n NR_FREE_PAGES: 359\n NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_ANON: 18813\n NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_ANON: 0\n NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_FILE: 50\n NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_FILE: 0\n NR_ZONE_UNEVICTABLE: 0\n NR_ZONE_WRITE_PENDING: 0\n NR_MLOCK: 0\n NR_BOUNCE: 0\n NR_ZSPAGES: 0\n NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES: 0\n\n NODE: 4 ZONE: 1 ADDR: ffff00817fffec00 NAME: \"Normal\"\n SIZE: 8454144 PRESENT: 98304 MIN/LOW/HIGH: 68/166/264\n VM_STAT:\n NR_FREE_PAGES: 146\n NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_ANON: 94668\n NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_ANON: 3\n NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_FILE: 735\n NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_FILE: 78\n NR_ZONE_UNEVICTABLE: 0\n NR_ZONE_WRITE_PENDING: 0\n NR_MLOCK: 0\n NR_BOUNCE: 0\n NR_ZSPAGES: 0\n NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES: 0\n\nIn allow_direct_reclaim(), while processing ZONE_DMA32, the sum of\ninactive/active file-backed pages calculated in zone_reclaimable_pages()\nbased on the result of zone_page_state_snapshot() is zero. \n\nAdditionally, since this system lacks swap, the calculation of inactive/\nactive anonymous pages is skipped.\n\n crash> p nr_swap_pages\n nr_swap_pages = $1937 = {\n counter = 0\n }\n\nAs a result, ZONE_DMA32 is deemed unreclaimable and skipped, moving on to\nthe processing of the next zone, ZONE_NORMAL, despite ZONE_DMA32 having\nfree pages significantly exceeding the high watermark.\n\nThe problem is that the pgdat->kswapd_failures hasn't been incremented.\n\n crash> px ((struct pglist_data *) 0xffff00817fffe540)->kswapd_failures\n $1935 = 0x0\n\nThis is because the node deemed balanced. The node balancing logic in\nbalance_pgdat() evaluates all zones collectively. If one or more zones\n(e.g., ZONE_DMA32) have enough free pages to meet their watermarks, the\nentire node is deemed balanced. This causes balance_pgdat() to exit early\nbefore incrementing the kswapd_failures, as it considers the overall\nmemory state acceptable, even though some zones (like ZONE_NORMAL) remain\nunder significant pressure.\n\n\nThe patch ensures that zone_reclaimable_pages() includes free pages\n(NR_FREE_PAGES) in its calculation when no other reclaimable pages are\navailable (e.g., file-backed or anonymous pages). This change prevents\nzones like ZONE_DMA32, which have sufficient free pages, from being\nmistakenly deemed unreclaimable. By doing so, the patch ensures proper\nnode balancing, avoids masking pressure on other zones like ZONE_NORMAL,\nand prevents infinite loops in throttle_direct_reclaim() caused by\nallow_direct_reclaim(pgdat) repeatedly returning false.\n\n\nThe kernel hangs due to a task stuck in throttle_direct_reclaim(), caused\nby a node being incorrectly deemed balanced despite pressure in certain\nzones, such as ZONE_NORMAL. This issue arises from\nzone_reclaimable_pages\n---truncated---", "affected": [ { "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "versions": [ { "version": "5a1c84b404a7176b8b36e2a0041b6f0adb3151a3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git", "lessThan": "66cd37660ec34ec444fe42f2277330ae4a36bb19" }, { "version": "5a1c84b404a7176b8b36e2a0041b6f0adb3151a3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git", "lessThan": "d675fefbaec3815b3ae0af1bebd97f27df3a05c8" }, { "version": "5a1c84b404a7176b8b36e2a0041b6f0adb3151a3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git", "lessThan": "63eac98d6f0898229f515cb62fe4e4db2430e99c" }, { "version": "5a1c84b404a7176b8b36e2a0041b6f0adb3151a3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git", "lessThan": "bfb701192129803191c9cd6cdd1f82cd07f8de2c" }, { "version": "5a1c84b404a7176b8b36e2a0041b6f0adb3151a3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git", "lessThan": "1ff2302e8aeac7f2eedb551d7a89617283b5c6b2" }, { "version": "5a1c84b404a7176b8b36e2a0041b6f0adb3151a3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git", "lessThan": "58d0d02dbc67438fc80223fdd7bbc49cf0733284" }, { "version": "5a1c84b404a7176b8b36e2a0041b6f0adb3151a3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git", "lessThan": "6aaced5abd32e2a57cd94fd64f824514d0361da8" } ] }, { "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "versions": [ { "version": "4.8", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver", "lessThan": "4.8" }, { "version": "5.4.289", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*" }, { "version": "5.10.233", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*" }, { "version": "5.15.176", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*" }, { "version": "6.1.124", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*" }, { "version": "6.6.70", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*" }, { "version": "6.12.9", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*" }, { "version": "6.13", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*" } ] } ] } } }