{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "licence": "US government work"
    },
    {
      "source": "GitHub Advisory Database",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "Have I Been Pwned",
      "url": "https://haveibeenpwned.com/",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "CVE Program (CVE records)",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse",
      "licence": "CVE Terms of Use",
      "notice": "Copyright © 1999-2026, The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a trademark and the CVE logo is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.",
      "terms": "CVE Usage: MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/",
      "licence": "free to use; FIRST requests attribution"
    }
  ],
  "record": {
    "id": "CVE-2025-21791",
    "sourceURL": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21791",
    "idYear": 2025,
    "status": "PUBLISHED",
    "publishedAt": "2025-02-27T02:18:29.014Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-15T01:04:25.820Z",
    "importedAt": "2026-10-24T01:57:29.455Z",
    "snapshot": {
      "id": "cve_2026-10-24_midnight_baseline",
      "at": "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z",
      "source": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/releases/tag/cve_2026-10-24_0100Z"
    },
    "facts": {
      "title": "vrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out()",
      "summary": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out()\n\nl3mdev_l3_out() can be called without RCU being held:\n\nraw_sendmsg()\n ip_push_pending_frames()\n  ip_send_skb()\n   ip_local_out()\n    __ip_local_out()\n     l3mdev_ip_out()\n\nAdd rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock() pair to avoid\na potential UAF.",
      "affected": [
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "6ccaa5797f5362a2aad6baa6ddaf4715ac2dd51e"
            },
            {
              "version": "a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "20a3489b396764cc9376e32a9172bee26a89dc3b"
            },
            {
              "version": "a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "5bb4228c32261d06e4fbece37ec3828bcc005b6b"
            },
            {
              "version": "a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "c7574740be8ce68a57d0aece24987b9be2114c3c"
            },
            {
              "version": "a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "c40cb5c03e37552d6eff963187109e2c3f78ef6f"
            },
            {
              "version": "a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "022cac1c693add610ae76ede03adf4d9d5a2cf21"
            },
            {
              "version": "a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "7b81425b517accefd46bee854d94954f5c57e019"
            },
            {
              "version": "a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "6d0ce46a93135d96b7fa075a94a88fe0da8e8773"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "4.9",
              "status": "affected"
            },
            {
              "version": "0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "4.9"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.4.291",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.10.235",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.15.179",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.1.129",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.6.79",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.12.16",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.13.4",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.14",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}