{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "licence": "US government work"
    },
    {
      "source": "GitHub Advisory Database",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "Have I Been Pwned",
      "url": "https://haveibeenpwned.com/",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "CVE Program (CVE records)",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse",
      "licence": "CVE Terms of Use",
      "notice": "Copyright © 1999-2026, The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a trademark and the CVE logo is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.",
      "terms": "CVE Usage: MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/",
      "licence": "free to use; FIRST requests attribution"
    }
  ],
  "record": {
    "id": "CVE-2025-21943",
    "sourceURL": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21943",
    "idYear": 2025,
    "status": "PUBLISHED",
    "publishedAt": "2025-04-01T15:41:07.463Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-05-11T21:09:32.538Z",
    "importedAt": "2026-10-24T01:57:29.455Z",
    "snapshot": {
      "id": "cve_2026-10-24_midnight_baseline",
      "at": "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z",
      "source": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/releases/tag/cve_2026-10-24_0100Z"
    },
    "facts": {
      "title": "gpio: aggregator: protect driver attr handlers against module unload",
      "summary": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ngpio: aggregator: protect driver attr handlers against module unload\n\nBoth new_device_store and delete_device_store touch module global\nresources (e.g. gpio_aggregator_lock). To prevent race conditions with\nmodule unload, a reference needs to be held.\n\nAdd try_module_get() in these handlers.\n\nFor new_device_store, this eliminates what appears to be the most dangerous\nscenario: if an id is allocated from gpio_aggregator_idr but\nplatform_device_register has not yet been called or completed, a concurrent\nmodule unload could fail to unregister/delete the device, leaving behind a\ndangling platform device/GPIO forwarder. This can result in various issues.\nThe following simple reproducer demonstrates these problems:\n\n  #!/bin/bash\n  while :; do\n    # note: whether 'gpiochip0 0' exists or not does not matter.\n    echo 'gpiochip0 0' > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/gpio-aggregator/new_device\n  done &\n  while :; do\n    modprobe gpio-aggregator\n    modprobe -r gpio-aggregator\n  done &\n  wait\n\n  Starting with the following warning, several kinds of warnings will appear\n  and the system may become unstable:\n\n  ------------[ cut here ]------------\n  list_del corruption, ffff888103e2e980->next is LIST_POISON1 (dead000000000100)\n  WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 1327 at lib/list_debug.c:56 __list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0xa3/0x120\n  [...]\n  RIP: 0010:__list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0xa3/0x120\n  [...]\n  Call Trace:\n   <TASK>\n   ? __list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0xa3/0x120\n   ? __warn.cold+0x93/0xf2\n   ? __list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0xa3/0x120\n   ? report_bug+0xe6/0x170\n   ? __irq_work_queue_local+0x39/0xe0\n   ? handle_bug+0x58/0x90\n   ? exc_invalid_op+0x13/0x60\n   ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x16/0x20\n   ? __list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0xa3/0x120\n   gpiod_remove_lookup_table+0x22/0x60\n   new_device_store+0x315/0x350 [gpio_aggregator]\n   kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x137/0x1f0\n   vfs_write+0x262/0x430\n   ksys_write+0x60/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0x6c/0x180\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n   [...]\n   </TASK>\n  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---",
      "affected": [
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "828546e24280f721350a7a0dcc92416e917b4382",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "fd6aa1f8cbe0979eb66ac32ebc231bf0b10a2117"
            },
            {
              "version": "828546e24280f721350a7a0dcc92416e917b4382",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "807789018186cf508ceb3a1f8f02935cd195717b"
            },
            {
              "version": "828546e24280f721350a7a0dcc92416e917b4382",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "9334c88fc2fbc6836b307d269fcc1744c69701c0"
            },
            {
              "version": "828546e24280f721350a7a0dcc92416e917b4382",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "d99dc8f7ea01ee1b21306e0eda8eb18a4af80db6"
            },
            {
              "version": "828546e24280f721350a7a0dcc92416e917b4382",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "8fb07fb1bba91d45846ed8605c3097fe67a7d54c"
            },
            {
              "version": "828546e24280f721350a7a0dcc92416e917b4382",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "56281a76b805b5ac61feb5d580139695a22f87f0"
            },
            {
              "version": "828546e24280f721350a7a0dcc92416e917b4382",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "12f65d1203507f7db3ba59930fe29a3b8eee9945"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "5.8",
              "status": "affected"
            },
            {
              "version": "0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "5.8"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.10.235",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.15.179",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.1.131",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.6.83",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.12.19",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.13.7",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.14",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}