{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "licence": "US government work"
    },
    {
      "source": "GitHub Advisory Database",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "Have I Been Pwned",
      "url": "https://haveibeenpwned.com/",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "CVE Program (CVE records)",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse",
      "licence": "CVE Terms of Use",
      "notice": "Copyright © 1999-2026, The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a trademark and the CVE logo is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.",
      "terms": "CVE Usage: MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/",
      "licence": "free to use; FIRST requests attribution"
    }
  ],
  "record": {
    "id": "CVE-2025-38496",
    "sourceURL": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38496",
    "idYear": 2025,
    "status": "PUBLISHED",
    "publishedAt": "2025-07-28T11:22:05.091Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-05-11T21:29:08.636Z",
    "importedAt": "2026-10-24T01:57:34.152Z",
    "snapshot": {
      "id": "cve_2026-10-24_midnight_baseline",
      "at": "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z",
      "source": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/releases/tag/cve_2026-10-24_0100Z"
    },
    "facts": {
      "title": "dm-bufio: fix sched in atomic context",
      "summary": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndm-bufio: fix sched in atomic context\n\nIf \"try_verify_in_tasklet\" is set for dm-verity, DM_BUFIO_CLIENT_NO_SLEEP\nis enabled for dm-bufio. However, when bufio tries to evict buffers, there\nis a chance to trigger scheduling in spin_lock_bh, the following warning\nis hit:\n\nBUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at drivers/md/dm-bufio.c:2745\nin_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 0, non_block: 0, pid: 123, name: kworker/2:2\npreempt_count: 201, expected: 0\nRCU nest depth: 0, expected: 0\n4 locks held by kworker/2:2/123:\n #0: ffff88800a2d1548 ((wq_completion)dm_bufio_cache){....}-{0:0}, at: process_one_work+0xe46/0x1970\n #1: ffffc90000d97d20 ((work_completion)(&dm_bufio_replacement_work)){....}-{0:0}, at: process_one_work+0x763/0x1970\n #2: ffffffff8555b528 (dm_bufio_clients_lock){....}-{3:3}, at: do_global_cleanup+0x1ce/0x710\n #3: ffff88801d5820b8 (&c->spinlock){....}-{2:2}, at: do_global_cleanup+0x2a5/0x710\nPreemption disabled at:\n[<0000000000000000>] 0x0\nCPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 123 Comm: kworker/2:2 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc3-g90548c634bd0 #305 PREEMPT(voluntary)\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.3-0-ga6ed6b701f0a-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014\nWorkqueue: dm_bufio_cache do_global_cleanup\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n dump_stack_lvl+0x53/0x70\n __might_resched+0x360/0x4e0\n do_global_cleanup+0x2f5/0x710\n process_one_work+0x7db/0x1970\n worker_thread+0x518/0xea0\n kthread+0x359/0x690\n ret_from_fork+0xf3/0x1b0\n ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\n </TASK>\n\nThat can be reproduced by:\n\n  veritysetup format --data-block-size=4096 --hash-block-size=4096 /dev/vda /dev/vdb\n  SIZE=$(blockdev --getsz /dev/vda)\n  dmsetup create myverity -r --table \"0 $SIZE verity 1 /dev/vda /dev/vdb 4096 4096 <data_blocks> 1 sha256 <root_hash> <salt> 1 try_verify_in_tasklet\"\n  mount /dev/dm-0 /mnt -o ro\n  echo 102400 > /sys/module/dm_bufio/parameters/max_cache_size_bytes\n  [read files in /mnt]",
      "affected": [
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "450e8dee51aa6fa1dd0f64073e88235f1a77b035",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "469a39a33a9934af157299bf11c58f6e6cb53f85"
            },
            {
              "version": "450e8dee51aa6fa1dd0f64073e88235f1a77b035",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "68860d1ade385eef9fcdbf6552f061283091fdb8"
            },
            {
              "version": "450e8dee51aa6fa1dd0f64073e88235f1a77b035",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "3edfdb1d4ef81320dae0caa40bc24baf8c1bbb86"
            },
            {
              "version": "450e8dee51aa6fa1dd0f64073e88235f1a77b035",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "b1bf1a782fdf5c482215c0c661b5da98b8e75773"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "6.4",
              "status": "affected"
            },
            {
              "version": "0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "6.4"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.6.100",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.12.40",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.15.8",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.16",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}