{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "licence": "US government work"
    },
    {
      "source": "GitHub Advisory Database",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "Have I Been Pwned",
      "url": "https://haveibeenpwned.com/",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "CVE Program (CVE records)",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse",
      "licence": "CVE Terms of Use",
      "notice": "Copyright © 1999-2026, The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a trademark and the CVE logo is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.",
      "terms": "CVE Usage: MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/",
      "licence": "free to use; FIRST requests attribution"
    }
  ],
  "record": {
    "id": "CVE-2025-38528",
    "sourceURL": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38528",
    "idYear": 2025,
    "status": "PUBLISHED",
    "publishedAt": "2025-08-16T11:12:21.667Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-15T21:52:18.869Z",
    "importedAt": "2026-10-24T01:57:34.152Z",
    "snapshot": {
      "id": "cve_2026-10-24_midnight_baseline",
      "at": "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z",
      "source": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/releases/tag/cve_2026-10-24_0100Z"
    },
    "facts": {
      "title": "bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers",
      "summary": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers\n\nstatic const char fmt[] = \"%p%\";\n    bpf_trace_printk(fmt, sizeof(fmt));\n\nThe above BPF program isn't rejected and causes a kernel warning at\nruntime:\n\n    Please remove unsupported %\\x00 in format string\n    WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 7244 at lib/vsprintf.c:2680 format_decode+0x49c/0x5d0\n\nThis happens because bpf_bprintf_prepare skips over the second %,\ndetected as punctuation, while processing %p. This patch fixes it by\nnot skipping over punctuation. %\\x00 is then processed in the next\niteration and rejected.",
      "affected": [
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "97303e541e12f1fea97834ec64b98991e8775f39"
            },
            {
              "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "61d5fa45ed13e42af14c7e959baba9908b8ee6d4"
            },
            {
              "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "e7be679124bae8cf4fa6e40d7e1661baddfb3289"
            },
            {
              "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "6952aeace93f8c9ea01849efecac24dd3152c9c9"
            },
            {
              "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "1c5f5fd47bbda17cb885fe6f03730702cd53d3f8"
            },
            {
              "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "f8242745871f81a3ac37f9f51853d12854fd0b58"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "5.13",
              "status": "affected"
            },
            {
              "version": "0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "5.13"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.15.190",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.1.147",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.6.100",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.12.40",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.15.8",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.16",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}