{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "licence": "US government work"
    },
    {
      "source": "GitHub Advisory Database",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "Have I Been Pwned",
      "url": "https://haveibeenpwned.com/",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "CVE Program (CVE records)",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse",
      "licence": "CVE Terms of Use",
      "notice": "Copyright © 1999-2026, The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a trademark and the CVE logo is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.",
      "terms": "CVE Usage: MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/",
      "licence": "free to use; FIRST requests attribution"
    }
  ],
  "record": {
    "id": "CVE-2025-38594",
    "sourceURL": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38594",
    "idYear": 2025,
    "status": "PUBLISHED",
    "publishedAt": "2025-08-19T17:03:19.689Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-08-05T12:03:16.095Z",
    "importedAt": "2026-10-24T01:57:34.152Z",
    "snapshot": {
      "id": "cve_2026-10-24_midnight_baseline",
      "at": "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z",
      "source": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/releases/tag/cve_2026-10-24_0100Z"
    },
    "facts": {
      "title": "iommu/vt-d: Fix UAF on sva unbind with pending IOPFs",
      "summary": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommu/vt-d: Fix UAF on sva unbind with pending IOPFs\n\nCommit 17fce9d2336d (\"iommu/vt-d: Put iopf enablement in domain attach\npath\") disables IOPF on device by removing the device from its IOMMU's\nIOPF queue when the last IOPF-capable domain is detached from the device.\nUnfortunately, it did this in a wrong place where there are still pending\nIOPFs. As a result, a use-after-free error is potentially triggered and\neventually a kernel panic with a kernel trace similar to the following:\n\n refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\n WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 313 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xd8/0xe0\n Workqueue: iopf_queue/dmar0-iopfq iommu_sva_handle_iopf\n Call Trace:\n   <TASK>\n   iopf_free_group+0xe/0x20\n   process_one_work+0x197/0x3d0\n   worker_thread+0x23a/0x350\n   ? rescuer_thread+0x4a0/0x4a0\n   kthread+0xf8/0x230\n   ? finish_task_switch.isra.0+0x81/0x260\n   ? kthreads_online_cpu+0x110/0x110\n   ? kthreads_online_cpu+0x110/0x110\n   ret_from_fork+0x13b/0x170\n   ? kthreads_online_cpu+0x110/0x110\n   ret_from_fork_asm+0x11/0x20\n   </TASK>\n  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\n\nThe intel_pasid_tear_down_entry() function is responsible for blocking\nhardware from generating new page faults and flushing all in-flight\nones. Therefore, moving iopf_for_domain_remove() after this function\nshould resolve this.",
      "affected": [
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "17fce9d2336d952b95474248303e5e7d9777f2e0",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "c68332b7ee893292bba6e87d31ef2080c066c65d"
            },
            {
              "version": "17fce9d2336d952b95474248303e5e7d9777f2e0",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "f0b9d31c6edd50a6207489cd1bd4ddac814b9cd2"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "6.16",
              "status": "affected"
            },
            {
              "version": "0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "6.16"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.16.1",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.17",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}