{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "licence": "US government work"
    },
    {
      "source": "GitHub Advisory Database",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "Have I Been Pwned",
      "url": "https://haveibeenpwned.com/",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "CVE Program (CVE records)",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse",
      "licence": "CVE Terms of Use",
      "notice": "Copyright © 1999-2026, The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a trademark and the CVE logo is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.",
      "terms": "CVE Usage: MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/",
      "licence": "free to use; FIRST requests attribution"
    }
  ],
  "record": {
    "id": "CVE-2025-40120",
    "sourceURL": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40120",
    "idYear": 2025,
    "status": "PUBLISHED",
    "publishedAt": "2025-11-12T10:23:18.726Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-05-11T21:43:02.326Z",
    "importedAt": "2026-10-24T01:57:34.152Z",
    "snapshot": {
      "id": "cve_2026-10-24_midnight_baseline",
      "at": "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z",
      "source": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/releases/tag/cve_2026-10-24_0100Z"
    },
    "facts": {
      "title": "net: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock",
      "summary": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock\n\nPrevent USB runtime PM (autosuspend) for AX88772* in bind.\n\nusbnet enables runtime PM (autosuspend) by default, so disabling it via\nthe usb_driver flag is ineffective. On AX88772B, autosuspend shows no\nmeasurable power saving with current driver (no link partner, admin\nup/down). The ~0.453 W -> ~0.248 W drop on v6.1 comes from phylib powering\nthe PHY off on admin-down, not from USB autosuspend.\n\nThe real hazard is that with runtime PM enabled, ndo_open() (under RTNL)\nmay synchronously trigger autoresume (usb_autopm_get_interface()) into\nasix_resume() while the USB PM lock is held. Resume paths then invoke\nphylink/phylib and MDIO, which also expect RTNL, leading to possible\ndeadlocks or PM lock vs MDIO wake issues.\n\nTo avoid this, keep the device runtime-PM active by taking a usage\nreference in ax88772_bind() and dropping it in unbind(). A non-zero PM\nusage count blocks runtime suspend regardless of userspace policy\n(.../power/control - pm_runtime_allow/forbid), making this approach\nrobust against sysfs overrides.\n\nHolding a runtime-PM usage ref does not affect system-wide suspend;\nsystem sleep/resume callbacks continue to run as before.",
      "affected": [
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "71a0ba7fdaf8d035426912a4ed7bf1738a81010c"
            },
            {
              "version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "3e96cd27ff1a004d84908c1b6cc68ac60913874e"
            },
            {
              "version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "724a9db84188f80ef60b1f21cc7b4e9c84e0cb64"
            },
            {
              "version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "1534517300e12f2930b6ff477b8820ff658afd11"
            },
            {
              "version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "9d8bcaf6fae1bd82bc27ec09a2694497e6f6c4b4"
            },
            {
              "version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "3d3c4cd5c62f24bb3cb4511b7a95df707635e00a"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "5.14",
              "status": "affected"
            },
            {
              "version": "0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "5.14"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.15.195",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.1.156",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.6.112",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.12.53",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.17.3",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.18",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}