{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "licence": "US government work"
    },
    {
      "source": "GitHub Advisory Database",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "Have I Been Pwned",
      "url": "https://haveibeenpwned.com/",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "CVE Program (CVE records)",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse",
      "licence": "CVE Terms of Use",
      "notice": "Copyright © 1999-2026, The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a trademark and the CVE logo is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.",
      "terms": "CVE Usage: MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/",
      "licence": "free to use; FIRST requests attribution"
    }
  ],
  "record": {
    "id": "CVE-2025-40281",
    "sourceURL": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40281",
    "idYear": 2025,
    "status": "PUBLISHED",
    "publishedAt": "2025-12-06T21:51:05.208Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-06-16T19:35:40.210Z",
    "importedAt": "2026-10-24T01:57:34.152Z",
    "snapshot": {
      "id": "cve_2026-10-24_midnight_baseline",
      "at": "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z",
      "source": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/releases/tag/cve_2026-10-24_0100Z"
    },
    "facts": {
      "title": "sctp: prevent possible shift-out-of-bounds in sctp_transport_update_rto",
      "summary": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsctp: prevent possible shift-out-of-bounds in sctp_transport_update_rto\n\nsyzbot reported a possible shift-out-of-bounds [1]\n\nBlamed commit added rto_alpha_max and rto_beta_max set to 1000.\n\nIt is unclear if some sctp users are setting very large rto_alpha\nand/or rto_beta.\n\nIn order to prevent user regression, perform the test at run time.\n\nAlso add READ_ONCE() annotations as sysctl values can change under us.\n\n[1]\n\nUBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in net/sctp/transport.c:509:41\nshift exponent 64 is too large for 32-bit type 'unsigned int'\nCPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 16704 Comm: syz.2.2320 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full)\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n  __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]\n  dump_stack_lvl+0x16c/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120\n  ubsan_epilogue lib/ubsan.c:233 [inline]\n  __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds+0x27f/0x420 lib/ubsan.c:494\n  sctp_transport_update_rto.cold+0x1c/0x34b net/sctp/transport.c:509\n  sctp_check_transmitted+0x11c4/0x1c30 net/sctp/outqueue.c:1502\n  sctp_outq_sack+0x4ef/0x1b20 net/sctp/outqueue.c:1338\n  sctp_cmd_process_sack net/sctp/sm_sideeffect.c:840 [inline]\n  sctp_cmd_interpreter net/sctp/sm_sideeffect.c:1372 [inline]",
      "affected": [
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "b58537a1f5629bdc98a8b9dc2051ce0e952f6b4b",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "0e0413e3315199b23ff4aec295e256034cd0a6e4"
            },
            {
              "version": "b58537a1f5629bdc98a8b9dc2051ce0e952f6b4b",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "834e65be429c0fa4f9bb5945064bd57f18ed2187"
            },
            {
              "version": "b58537a1f5629bdc98a8b9dc2051ce0e952f6b4b",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "abb086b9a95d0ed3b757ee59964ba3c4e4b2fc1a"
            },
            {
              "version": "b58537a1f5629bdc98a8b9dc2051ce0e952f6b4b",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "d0d858652834dcf531342c82a0428170aa7c2675"
            },
            {
              "version": "b58537a1f5629bdc98a8b9dc2051ce0e952f6b4b",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "ed71f801249d2350c77a73dca2c03918a15a62fe"
            },
            {
              "version": "b58537a1f5629bdc98a8b9dc2051ce0e952f6b4b",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "1cfa4eac275cc4875755c1303d48a4ddfe507ca8"
            },
            {
              "version": "b58537a1f5629bdc98a8b9dc2051ce0e952f6b4b",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "aaba523dd7b6106526c24b1fd9b5fc35e5aaa88d"
            },
            {
              "version": "b58537a1f5629bdc98a8b9dc2051ce0e952f6b4b",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "1534ff77757e44bcc4b98d0196bc5c0052fce5fa"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "3.16",
              "status": "affected"
            },
            {
              "version": "0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "3.16"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.4.302",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.10.247",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.15.197",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.1.159",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.6.117",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.12.59",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.17.9",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.18",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}