{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "licence": "US government work"
    },
    {
      "source": "GitHub Advisory Database",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "Have I Been Pwned",
      "url": "https://haveibeenpwned.com/",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "CVE Program (CVE records)",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse",
      "licence": "CVE Terms of Use",
      "notice": "Copyright © 1999-2026, The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a trademark and the CVE logo is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.",
      "terms": "CVE Usage: MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/",
      "licence": "free to use; FIRST requests attribution"
    }
  ],
  "record": {
    "id": "CVE-2026-23025",
    "sourceURL": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-23025",
    "idYear": 2026,
    "status": "PUBLISHED",
    "publishedAt": "2026-01-31T11:42:04.426Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-06-02T13:00:48.791Z",
    "importedAt": "2026-10-24T01:58:02.025Z",
    "snapshot": {
      "id": "cve_2026-10-24_midnight_baseline",
      "at": "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z",
      "source": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/releases/tag/cve_2026-10-24_0100Z"
    },
    "facts": {
      "title": "mm/page_alloc: prevent pcp corruption with SMP=n",
      "summary": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmm/page_alloc: prevent pcp corruption with SMP=n\n\nThe kernel test robot has reported:\n\n BUG: spinlock trylock failure on UP on CPU#0, kcompactd0/28\n  lock: 0xffff888807e35ef0, .magic: dead4ead, .owner: kcompactd0/28, .owner_cpu: 0\n CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 28 Comm: kcompactd0 Not tainted 6.18.0-rc5-00127-ga06157804399 #1 PREEMPT  8cc09ef94dcec767faa911515ce9e609c45db470\n Call Trace:\n  <IRQ>\n  __dump_stack (lib/dump_stack.c:95)\n  dump_stack_lvl (lib/dump_stack.c:123)\n  dump_stack (lib/dump_stack.c:130)\n  spin_dump (kernel/locking/spinlock_debug.c:71)\n  do_raw_spin_trylock (kernel/locking/spinlock_debug.c:?)\n  _raw_spin_trylock (include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:89 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:138)\n  __free_frozen_pages (mm/page_alloc.c:2973)\n  ___free_pages (mm/page_alloc.c:5295)\n  __free_pages (mm/page_alloc.c:5334)\n  tlb_remove_table_rcu (include/linux/mm.h:? include/linux/mm.h:3122 include/asm-generic/tlb.h:220 mm/mmu_gather.c:227 mm/mmu_gather.c:290)\n  ? __cfi_tlb_remove_table_rcu (mm/mmu_gather.c:289)\n  ? rcu_core (kernel/rcu/tree.c:?)\n  rcu_core (include/linux/rcupdate.h:341 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2607 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2861)\n  rcu_core_si (kernel/rcu/tree.c:2879)\n  handle_softirqs (arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h:36 include/trace/events/irq.h:142 kernel/softirq.c:623)\n  __irq_exit_rcu (arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h:36 kernel/softirq.c:725)\n  irq_exit_rcu (kernel/softirq.c:741)\n  sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt (arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1052)\n  </IRQ>\n  <TASK>\n RIP: 0010:_raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore (arch/x86/include/asm/preempt.h:95 include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:152 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:194)\n  free_pcppages_bulk (mm/page_alloc.c:1494)\n  drain_pages_zone (include/linux/spinlock.h:391 mm/page_alloc.c:2632)\n  __drain_all_pages (mm/page_alloc.c:2731)\n  drain_all_pages (mm/page_alloc.c:2747)\n  kcompactd (mm/compaction.c:3115)\n  kthread (kernel/kthread.c:465)\n  ? __cfi_kcompactd (mm/compaction.c:3166)\n  ? __cfi_kthread (kernel/kthread.c:412)\n  ret_from_fork (arch/x86/kernel/process.c:164)\n  ? __cfi_kthread (kernel/kthread.c:412)\n  ret_from_fork_asm (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:255)\n  </TASK>\n\nMatthew has analyzed the report and identified that in drain_page_zone()\nwe are in a section protected by spin_lock(&pcp->lock) and then get an\ninterrupt that attempts spin_trylock() on the same lock.  The code is\ndesigned to work this way without disabling IRQs and occasionally fail the\ntrylock with a fallback.  However, the SMP=n spinlock implementation\nassumes spin_trylock() will always succeed, and thus it's normally a\nno-op.  Here the enabled lock debugging catches the problem, but otherwise\nit could cause a corruption of the pcp structure.\n\nThe problem has been introduced by commit 574907741599 (\"mm/page_alloc:\nleave IRQs enabled for per-cpu page allocations\").  The pcp locking scheme\nrecognizes the need for disabling IRQs to prevent nesting spin_trylock()\nsections on SMP=n, but the need to prevent the nesting in spin_lock() has\nnot been recognized.  Fix it by introducing local wrappers that change the\nspin_lock() to spin_lock_iqsave() with SMP=n and use them in all places\nthat do spin_lock(&pcp->lock).\n\n[vbabka@suse.cz: add pcp_ prefix to the spin_lock_irqsave wrappers, per Steven]",
      "affected": [
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "d1da921452b3ee7e07383c12955ab1c6f3b08752",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "68688fc4eab007834b4c2d740214423ba2a335a8"
            },
            {
              "version": "5749077415994eb02d660b2559b9d8278521e73d",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "4a04ff9cd816e7346fcc8126f00ed80481f6569d"
            },
            {
              "version": "5749077415994eb02d660b2559b9d8278521e73d",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "df63d31e9ae02e2f6cd96147779e4ed7cd0e75f6"
            },
            {
              "version": "5749077415994eb02d660b2559b9d8278521e73d",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "3098f8f7c7b0686c74827aec42a2c45e69801ff8"
            },
            {
              "version": "5749077415994eb02d660b2559b9d8278521e73d",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "038a102535eb49e10e93eafac54352fcc5d78847"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.1.57",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "6.1.162"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "6.2",
              "status": "affected"
            },
            {
              "version": "0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "6.2"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.1.162",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.6.122",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.12.67",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.18.7",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.19",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}