{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "licence": "US government work"
    },
    {
      "source": "GitHub Advisory Database",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "Have I Been Pwned",
      "url": "https://haveibeenpwned.com/",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "CVE Program (CVE records)",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse",
      "licence": "CVE Terms of Use",
      "notice": "Copyright © 1999-2026, The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a trademark and the CVE logo is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.",
      "terms": "CVE Usage: MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/",
      "licence": "free to use; FIRST requests attribution"
    }
  ],
  "record": {
    "id": "CVE-2026-23351",
    "sourceURL": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-23351",
    "idYear": 2026,
    "status": "PUBLISHED",
    "publishedAt": "2026-03-25T10:27:36.854Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-19T18:35:42.025Z",
    "importedAt": "2026-10-24T01:58:02.025Z",
    "snapshot": {
      "id": "cve_2026-10-24_midnight_baseline",
      "at": "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z",
      "source": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/releases/tag/cve_2026-10-24_0100Z"
    },
    "facts": {
      "title": "netfilter: nft_set_pipapo: split gc into unlink and reclaim phase",
      "summary": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nft_set_pipapo: split gc into unlink and reclaim phase\n\nYiming Qian reports Use-after-free in the pipapo set type:\n  Under a large number of expired elements, commit-time GC can run for a very\n  long time in a non-preemptible context, triggering soft lockup warnings and\n  RCU stall reports (local denial of service).\n\nWe must split GC in an unlink and a reclaim phase.\n\nWe cannot queue elements for freeing until pointers have been swapped.\nExpired elements are still exposed to both the packet path and userspace\ndumpers via the live copy of the data structure.\n\ncall_rcu() does not protect us: dump operations or element lookups starting\nafter call_rcu has fired can still observe the free'd element, unless the\ncommit phase has made enough progress to swap the clone and live pointers\nbefore any new reader has picked up the old version.\n\nThis a similar approach as done recently for the rbtree backend in commit\n35f83a75529a (\"netfilter: nft_set_rbtree: don't gc elements on insert\").",
      "affected": [
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "3c4287f62044a90e73a561aa05fc46e62da173da",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "65ca51b9fb85477ab92a04295aed34b38f7c062e"
            },
            {
              "version": "3c4287f62044a90e73a561aa05fc46e62da173da",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "c0f1f85097ac2b6e7d750fe4d05807985cd3fd3a"
            },
            {
              "version": "3c4287f62044a90e73a561aa05fc46e62da173da",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "16f3595c0441d87dfa005c47d8f95be213afaa9e"
            },
            {
              "version": "3c4287f62044a90e73a561aa05fc46e62da173da",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "7864c667aed01a58b87ca518a631322cd0ac34c0"
            },
            {
              "version": "3c4287f62044a90e73a561aa05fc46e62da173da",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "c12d570d71920903a1a0468b7d13b085203d0c93"
            },
            {
              "version": "3c4287f62044a90e73a561aa05fc46e62da173da",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "500a50a301ce962b019ab95053ac70264fec2c21"
            },
            {
              "version": "3c4287f62044a90e73a561aa05fc46e62da173da",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "aff13667708dfa0dce136b8efd81baa9fa6ef261"
            },
            {
              "version": "3c4287f62044a90e73a561aa05fc46e62da173da",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "9df95785d3d8302f7c066050117b04cd3c2048c2"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "5.6",
              "status": "affected"
            },
            {
              "version": "0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "5.6"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.10.253",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.15.203",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.1.167",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.6.130",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.12.77",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.18.17",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.19.7",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "7.0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}