{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "licence": "US government work"
    },
    {
      "source": "GitHub Advisory Database",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "Have I Been Pwned",
      "url": "https://haveibeenpwned.com/",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "CVE Program (CVE records)",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse",
      "licence": "CVE Terms of Use",
      "notice": "Copyright © 1999-2026, The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a trademark and the CVE logo is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.",
      "terms": "CVE Usage: MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/",
      "licence": "free to use; FIRST requests attribution"
    }
  ],
  "record": {
    "id": "CVE-2026-31495",
    "sourceURL": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-31495",
    "idYear": 2026,
    "status": "PUBLISHED",
    "publishedAt": "2026-04-22T13:54:17.591Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-15T01:16:37.147Z",
    "importedAt": "2026-10-24T01:58:02.025Z",
    "snapshot": {
      "id": "cve_2026-10-24_midnight_baseline",
      "at": "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z",
      "source": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/releases/tag/cve_2026-10-24_0100Z"
    },
    "facts": {
      "title": "netfilter: ctnetlink: use netlink policy range checks",
      "summary": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: ctnetlink: use netlink policy range checks\n\nReplace manual range and mask validations with netlink policy\nannotations in ctnetlink code paths, so that the netlink core rejects\ninvalid values early and can generate extack errors.\n\n- CTA_PROTOINFO_TCP_STATE: reject values > TCP_CONNTRACK_SYN_SENT2 at\n  policy level, removing the manual >= TCP_CONNTRACK_MAX check.\n- CTA_PROTOINFO_TCP_WSCALE_ORIGINAL/REPLY: reject values > TCP_MAX_WSCALE\n  (14). The normal TCP option parsing path already clamps to this value,\n  but the ctnetlink path accepted 0-255, causing undefined behavior when\n  used as a u32 shift count.\n- CTA_FILTER_ORIG_FLAGS/REPLY_FLAGS: use NLA_POLICY_MASK with\n  CTA_FILTER_F_ALL, removing the manual mask checks.\n- CTA_EXPECT_FLAGS: use NLA_POLICY_MASK with NF_CT_EXPECT_MASK, adding\n  a new mask define grouping all valid expect flags.\n\nExtracted from a broader nf-next patch by Florian Westphal, scoped to\nctnetlink for the fixes tree.",
      "affected": [
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "c8e2078cfe414a99cf6f2f2f1d78c7e75392e9d4",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "435b576cd2faa75154777868f8cbb73bf71644d3"
            },
            {
              "version": "c8e2078cfe414a99cf6f2f2f1d78c7e75392e9d4",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "2ef71307c86a9f866d6e28f1a0c06e2e9d794474"
            },
            {
              "version": "c8e2078cfe414a99cf6f2f2f1d78c7e75392e9d4",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "4f7d25f3f0786402ba48ff7d13b6241d77d975f5"
            },
            {
              "version": "c8e2078cfe414a99cf6f2f2f1d78c7e75392e9d4",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "fcec5ce2d73a41668b24e3f18c803541602a59f6"
            },
            {
              "version": "c8e2078cfe414a99cf6f2f2f1d78c7e75392e9d4",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "675c913b940488a84effdeeac5a1cfb657b59804"
            },
            {
              "version": "c8e2078cfe414a99cf6f2f2f1d78c7e75392e9d4",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "c6cb41eaae875501eaaa487b8db6539feb092292"
            },
            {
              "version": "c8e2078cfe414a99cf6f2f2f1d78c7e75392e9d4",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "45c33e79ae705b7af97e3117672b6cd258dd0b1b"
            },
            {
              "version": "c8e2078cfe414a99cf6f2f2f1d78c7e75392e9d4",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "8f15b5071b4548b0aafc03b366eb45c9c6566704"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "2.6.22",
              "status": "affected"
            },
            {
              "version": "0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "2.6.22"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.10.253",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "5.15.203",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.1.168",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.6.131",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.12.80",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.18.21",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.19.11",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "7.0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}