{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "licence": "US government work"
    },
    {
      "source": "GitHub Advisory Database",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "Have I Been Pwned",
      "url": "https://haveibeenpwned.com/",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "CVE Program (CVE records)",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse",
      "licence": "CVE Terms of Use",
      "notice": "Copyright © 1999-2026, The MITRE Corporation. CVE is a trademark and the CVE logo is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.",
      "terms": "CVE Usage: MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/",
      "licence": "free to use; FIRST requests attribution"
    }
  ],
  "record": {
    "id": "CVE-2026-98441",
    "sourceURL": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-98441",
    "idYear": 2026,
    "status": "PUBLISHED",
    "publishedAt": "2026-10-18T15:14:51.664Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-21T12:55:02.471Z",
    "importedAt": "2026-10-24T01:58:41.756Z",
    "snapshot": {
      "id": "cve_2026-10-24_midnight_baseline",
      "at": "2026-10-24T00:00:00.000Z",
      "source": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/releases/tag/cve_2026-10-24_0100Z"
    },
    "facts": {
      "title": "net/sched: act_ct: avoid modifying shared unconfirmed ct entry",
      "summary": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: act_ct: avoid modifying shared unconfirmed ct entry\n\nIn a case where skb with an unconfirmed ct entry gets cloned, we may\nend up processing both again but with different sets of extensions.\n\nThe series of events:\n\n 1. The first clone wants to commit and runs the helpers wiring up\n    the extension pointer into the expectation list.\n 2. Then it looses the confirmation keeping the entry unconfirmed.\n 3. Second clone now wants to commit labels or run NAT and adds the\n    new extension for that breaking the pointer in the expectation\n    list causing UAF on the destruction path later.\n\nWhile this is possible to trigger, there should be no practical\nnetwork pipeline where we need to process both clones without\nmodifications in the same zone.  So, let's just reset the entry in\ncase for some reason we got an skb with a shared one.  This doesn't\naffect any known use cases, but avoids any potential problems with\nsharing and modification of the unconfirmed ct entry.\n\nUnlike openvswitch module, act_ct allows for NAT without commit.\nChanging that would be a uAPI break.  So, act_ct needs to reset on NAT\nregardless of the commit flag to avoid reallocation of the extension\nspace.  This, however, doesn't really change the picture for sensible\nnetworking cases as there should be no need to run the same packet\ntwice (before and after the clone) through conntrack without packet\nheader or zone changes and without commit.\n\nThe fixes tag points to the introduction of helpers, since that's the\nmain UAF trigger for the sharing.",
      "affected": [
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "a21b06e7319129994f339ed47f512bbe57b77f5b",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "c812bb4aea13d385d048b5b24756aee2edf6f99e"
            },
            {
              "version": "a21b06e7319129994f339ed47f512bbe57b77f5b",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "2b783c562c3238ff50c34fd7a72a735c9cc73d9a"
            },
            {
              "version": "a21b06e7319129994f339ed47f512bbe57b77f5b",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "4a04ed91575819fb1859311113e95700b709bec7"
            },
            {
              "version": "a21b06e7319129994f339ed47f512bbe57b77f5b",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "b097d9d7a5b09c8ec5c4c1a08e35ac5a66b06b44"
            },
            {
              "version": "a21b06e7319129994f339ed47f512bbe57b77f5b",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "git",
              "lessThan": "f85009dfcd65e5969526b0db7a49b5413746e630"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "6.2",
              "status": "affected"
            },
            {
              "version": "0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThan": "6.2"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.6.160",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.12.112",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "6.18.55",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "7.2.9",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*"
            },
            {
              "version": "7.3",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}